(一)、论点架构题
这一方面的问题主要让考生去辨别或找到:the basic structure of an argument(论述的基本结构),properly drawn1 conclusion(正确得到的结论),underlying assumption (隐含的假设),well-supported explanatory hypotheses(有力的讲解性假说)与parallels between structurally2 similar arguments(结构上一样的论点的类似性)。换句话说,这种题型考察的就是大家辨别什么样的首要条件或附加信息可以得出、支持或削弱既定结论的能力。从根本上看,就是在考察演绎推理的能力。
解决这种题型,要紧紧抓住前面提到的有关性原则。一方面,要细读题干,从头看到尾,同时考虑:结论句中包括什么假设?结论可以由什么推出?其次,在判断5个选项与题干有无有关关系时,可以用如下辨别办法:1. 在不违背题干意思的首要条件下,触及矛盾点或对比点的,就是最好选项;2. 选择的范围要大于原文的范围。
下面是一道简单的例题:
The cosplayt of producing radios in Country Q is ten percent less than the cosplayt of producing radios in Country Y. Even after transportation fees and tariff3 charges are added, it is still cheaper for a company to import radios from Country Q to Country Y than to produce radios in Country Y.
The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions?
(A) Labor4 cosplayts in Country Q are ten percent below those in Country Y.
(B) importing radios from Country Q to Country Y will eliminate ten percent of the manufacturing jobs in Country Y.
(C) The tariff on a radio imported from Country Q to Country Y is less than ten percent of the cosplayt of manufacturing the radio in Country Y.
(D) The fee for transporting a radio from Country Q to Country Y is more than ten percent of the cosplayt of manufacturing the radio in Country Q.
(E) It takes ten percent less time to manufacture a radio in Country Q than it does in Country Y.
非常明显,题干中出现了2个比较对象:the cosplayt of producing radios in Country Q, the cosplayt of producing radios in Country Y, 和一个矛盾点:transportation fees and tariff charges.只有C项触及了题干中出现比较对象和矛盾点。因此C是最好选项。